{"authors":[{"name":"Martin Stühmer","url":"https://daily-devops.net/authors/martin/"},{"name":"Jendrik Brack","url":"https://daily-devops.net/authors/jendrik/"}],"description":"Recent content in Authentication \u0026 Authorization in .NET on Daily DevOps \u0026 .NET","favicon":"https://daily-devops.net/images/logo_hu_6465d873dfa490cf.png","feed_url":"https://daily-devops.net/tags/authentication/feed.json","home_page_url":"https://daily-devops.net/tags/authentication/","icon":"https://daily-devops.net/images/logo_hu_5926de77762241ba.png","items":[{"authors":[{"name":"Martin Stühmer","url":"https://daily-devops.net/authors/martin/"}],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eUsername and password authentication died years ago. Yet here we are in 2026, still finding production systems where administrative operations require nothing more than knowing someone\u0026rsquo;s password. That\u0026rsquo;s not security. That\u0026rsquo;s security cosplay: you\u0026rsquo;ve got the costume, the role-based authorization attributes, maybe even a fancy login page. But underneath? Nothing that would stop an attacker with a leaked credential from walking straight into your admin panel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you\u0026rsquo;re building customer-facing applications, especially those handling sensitive data, your authentication architecture needs multi-factor authentication for privileged operations. Not as a checkbox for auditors, but as actual protection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAzure AD B2C provides enterprise-grade identity management with conditional MFA capabilities, but implementing it correctly requires understanding the platform\u0026rsquo;s custom policy framework. This isn\u0026rsquo;t about blindly enabling MFA everywhere. It\u0026rsquo;s about risk-based authentication that balances security with user experience while maintaining audit trails for compliance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-secure-authentication-actually-requires\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#what-secure-authentication-actually-requires\" title=\"What Secure Authentication Actually Requires\"\u003eWhat Secure Authentication Actually Requires\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore diving into implementation, let\u0026rsquo;s examine what proper authentication demands for enterprise systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecure log-on procedures\u003c/strong\u003e specify that access to systems and applications shall be controlled appropriately. This includes multi-factor authentication for privileged operations, limiting login attempts, enforcing timeout periods, and maintaining audit logs of authentication events. Compliance frameworks like ISO 27001 (Control A.9.4.2) codify these requirements, but they\u0026rsquo;re fundamentally about sound security practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePassword management\u003c/strong\u003e addresses password quality requirements. Modern standards mandate enforcing password complexity, preventing password reuse, requiring secure password storage (hashed and salted), and providing secure password change procedures. Control A.9.4.3 captures these, though the principles predate any specific standard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecret authentication information management\u003c/strong\u003e covers the lifecycle of authentication credentials. This includes secure distribution of initial passwords, requiring password changes on first use, protecting authentication secrets during transmission and storage, and ensuring users acknowledge their responsibility for maintaining confidentiality. ISO\u0026rsquo;s Control A.9.2.4 formalizes what security engineers have known for decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese requirements work together to create a defense-in-depth authentication strategy. MFA addresses the fundamental weakness of password-only authentication: a compromised password alone cannot grant access. Combined with strong password policies and proper secret management, you create an authentication system that withstands real-world attack scenarios. Whether you\u0026rsquo;re pursuing formal certification or simply building secure systems, these principles apply equally.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-fatal-example-security-cosplay\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#the-fatal-example-security-cosplay\" title=\"The Fatal Example: Security Cosplay\"\u003eThe Fatal Example: Security Cosplay\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLet me show you what not to do. This example represents a common pattern I\u0026rsquo;ve seen in production systems. Authentication that looks secure at first glance but fails under scrutiny:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal authentication configuration\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eservices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationDefaults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationScheme\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpireTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromDays\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Extended session\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSlidingExpiration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eservices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConfigure\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIdentityOptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePassword\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequiredLength\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Weak minimum\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePassword\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireDigit\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePassword\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireNonAlphanumeric\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Password-only login with no lockout\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresult\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_signInManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePasswordSignInAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emodel\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUsername\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emodel\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePassword\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eisPersistent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elockoutOnFailure\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Critical operation with only role check\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;Admin\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteAllCustomerData\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_customerService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteCustomerDataAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis code violates multiple security controls simultaneously.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo multi-factor authentication\u003c/strong\u003e: Administrative users authenticate with only username and password. A compromised password grants full access to critical operations. One phishing email, one credential dump, one reused password from a breached service, and attackers own your admin panel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeak password policies\u003c/strong\u003e: Six-character passwords without complexity requirements fail basic security standards. Modern password cracking tools can brute-force these in seconds on commodity hardware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo account lockout\u003c/strong\u003e: Failed login attempts don\u0026rsquo;t trigger account lockout, enabling unlimited brute-force attempts. Attackers can systematically try millions of passwords without any friction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtended session lifetime\u003c/strong\u003e: 30-day cookies with sliding expiration create persistent access tokens. If a session token gets compromised through XSS or session hijacking, attackers maintain access for a month.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMissing audit trails\u003c/strong\u003e: No logging of authentication events means you can\u0026rsquo;t detect or investigate security incidents. When something goes wrong, and it will, you\u0026rsquo;ll have no forensic evidence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsecure password reset\u003c/strong\u003e: Reset tokens in email URLs can be leaked through browser history, email forwarding, or server logs. No MFA verification during reset means password reset becomes a backdoor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo risk-based authentication\u003c/strong\u003e: Critical operations like deleting customer data require the same authentication as viewing a dashboard. No step-up authentication for high-risk actions means privilege escalation is trivially easy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis isn\u0026rsquo;t just bad practice. It\u0026rsquo;s an audit failure waiting to happen. When your security reviewer or compliance auditor examines this code, you\u0026rsquo;ll be documenting remediation plans before anything else proceeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-correct-implementation-azure-ad-b2c-with-conditional-mfa\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#the-correct-implementation-azure-ad-b2c-with-conditional-mfa\" title=\"The Correct Implementation: Azure AD B2C with Conditional MFA\"\u003eThe Correct Implementation: Azure AD B2C with Conditional MFA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNow let\u0026rsquo;s implement proper authentication using Azure AD B2C with custom policies for risk-based MFA. This approach separates authentication concerns from your application code while maintaining full control over the authentication flow. The key insight: authentication complexity belongs in your identity provider, not scattered throughout your application.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"configuring-azure-ad-b2c-custom-policies\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#configuring-azure-ad-b2c-custom-policies\" title=\"Configuring Azure AD B2C Custom Policies\"\u003eConfiguring Azure AD B2C Custom Policies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCustom policies in Azure AD B2C use an XML-based framework called the Identity Experience Framework (IEF). While the XML is verbose, it provides granular control over every step of the authentication process. Here\u0026rsquo;s a condensed policy that enforces conditional MFA based on operation risk:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-xml\" data-lang=\"xml\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c\"\u003e\u0026lt;!-- TrustFrameworkExtensions.xml - Conditional MFA Policy --\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;TrustFrameworkPolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003exmlns=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;http://schemas.microsoft.com/online/cpim/schemas/2013/06\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eTenantId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;yourtenant.onmicrosoft.com\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003ePolicyId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;B2C_1A_TrustFrameworkExtensions\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;BuildingBlocks\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimsSchema\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;operationRiskLevel\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;DataType\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/DataType\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/ClaimType\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;mfaCompleted\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;DataType\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003eboolean\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/DataType\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/ClaimType\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/ClaimsSchema\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/BuildingBlocks\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimsProviders\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimsProvider\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;TechnicalProfiles\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;TechnicalProfile\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureMfa-Input\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Protocol\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eName=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Proprietary\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eHandler=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Web.TPEngine.Providers.AzureMfaProtocolProvider\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e/\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Metadata\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Item\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eKey=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Operation\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003eVerify\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Item\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Item\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eKey=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AuthenticationMethodsAllowed\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003ePhone, Email, Authenticator\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Item\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Metadata\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;OutputClaims\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;OutputClaim\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eClaimTypeReferenceId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;mfaCompleted\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e/\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/OutputClaims\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/TechnicalProfile\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/TechnicalProfiles\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/ClaimsProvider\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/ClaimsProviders\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;UserJourneys\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;UserJourney\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;SignUpOrSignInWithConditionalMfa\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;OrchestrationSteps\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;OrchestrationStep\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eOrder=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eType=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;CombinedSignInAndSignUp\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e/\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;OrchestrationStep\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eOrder=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;2\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eType=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;ClaimsExchange\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Preconditions\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Precondition\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eType=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;ClaimEquals\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eExecuteActionsIf=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;false\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e              \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Value\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003eoperationRiskLevel\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Value\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e              \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Value\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003ehigh\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Value\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e              \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;Action\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003eSkipThisOrchestrationStep\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Action\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Precondition\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/Preconditions\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimsExchanges\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;ClaimsExchange\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureMfaExchange\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e              \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eTechnicalProfileReferenceId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureMfa-Input\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e/\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/ClaimsExchanges\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/OrchestrationStep\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;OrchestrationStep\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eOrder=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;3\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eType=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;SendClaims\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e          \u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003eCpimIssuerTechnicalProfileReferenceId=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;JwtIssuer\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e/\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/OrchestrationSteps\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/UserJourney\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/UserJourneys\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003e\u0026lt;/TrustFrameworkPolicy\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe policy defines a user journey with conditional MFA. Step 2 only executes when \u003ccode\u003eoperationRiskLevel\u003c/code\u003e equals \u0026ldquo;high\u0026rdquo;. Your application passes this claim when initiating authentication for privileged operations. Low-risk operations skip MFA entirely, providing a smooth user experience for routine tasks while enforcing strong authentication where it matters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"aspnet-core-integration\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#aspnet-core-integration\" title=\"ASP.NET Core Integration\"\u003eASP.NET Core Integration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNow integrate this into your ASP.NET Core application. The Microsoft.Identity.Web library handles the heavy lifting:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Program.cs - ASP.NET Core 8+ with Azure AD B2C\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWebApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateBuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eargs\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOpenIdConnectDefaults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationScheme\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddMicrosoftIdentityWebApp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBind\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureAdB2C\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSignUpSignInPolicyId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;B2C_1A_SignUpOrSignInWithConditionalMfa\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseTokenLifetime\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSaveTokens\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEvents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOpenIdConnectEvents\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnTokenValidated\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestServices\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetRequiredService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProgram\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePrincipal\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;sub\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaCompleted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePrincipal\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;mfaCompleted\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;true\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogInformation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User {UserId} authenticated. MFA: {MfaCompleted}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaCompleted\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCompletedTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Authorization policies with risk-based MFA requirements\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;ReadAccess\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireAuthenticatedUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e());\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AdminOperations\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireAuthenticatedUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireClaim\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;mfaCompleted\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;true\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireRole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Administrator\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;CriticalOperations\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireAuthenticatedUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireClaim\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;mfaCompleted\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;true\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireAssertion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaTimestamp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;lastMfaTimestamp\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003elong\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTryParse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaTimestamp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eout\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etimestamp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaTime\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTimeOffset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromUnixTimeSeconds\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etimestamp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTimeOffset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTotalMinutes\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddHealthChecks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddCheck\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAzureAdB2CHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;azureadb2c\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuild\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapControllers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapHealthChecks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/health\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThree authorization policies emerge from this configuration. \u003ccode\u003eReadAccess\u003c/code\u003e requires only authentication for low-risk operations like viewing dashboards. \u003ccode\u003eAdminOperations\u003c/code\u003e requires both authentication and completed MFA for administrative tasks. \u003ccode\u003eCriticalOperations\u003c/code\u003e goes further: it requires MFA completion within the last 5 minutes. This step-up authentication pattern ensures that even if an attacker hijacks an authenticated session, they can\u0026rsquo;t perform destructive operations without fresh MFA verification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"controller-implementation-with-risk-based-authorization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#controller-implementation-with-risk-based-authorization\" title=\"Controller Implementation with Risk-Based Authorization\"\u003eController Implementation with Risk-Based Authorization\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImplement controllers with proper authorization attributes. Notice how different operations require different security levels:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[ApiController]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[Route(\u0026#34;api/[controller]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;)]\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eAdminController\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eControllerBase\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdminController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eICustomerService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_customerService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdminController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdminController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eICustomerService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_customerService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpGet(\u0026#34;dashboard\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;ReadAccess\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetDashboard\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogInformation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User {UserId} accessed dashboard\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;sub\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Dashboard data\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpPost(\u0026#34;users/{userId}/disable\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;AdminOperations\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDisableUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogWarning\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Admin {AdminId} disabled user {UserId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;sub\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_customerService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDisableUserAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpDelete(\u0026#34;customers/{customerId}/data\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;CriticalOperations\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteCustomerData\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogCritical\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Admin {AdminId} deleted data for {CustomerId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;sub\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_customerService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteCustomerDataAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecustomerId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNoContent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe pattern becomes clear. Dashboard access needs only authentication. Disabling a user requires MFA. Deleting customer data requires MFA within the last 5 minutes. Each operation matches its authorization policy to the actual risk it represents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"mfa-enrollment-monitoring-dashboard\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#mfa-enrollment-monitoring-dashboard\" title=\"MFA Enrollment Monitoring Dashboard\"\u003eMFA Enrollment Monitoring Dashboard\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can\u0026rsquo;t secure what you can\u0026rsquo;t measure. Create an admin endpoint to monitor MFA enrollment across your user base:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[ApiController]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[Route(\u0026#34;api/[controller]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;)]\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;AdminOperations\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eMfaMonitoringController\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eControllerBase\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGraphServiceClient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_graphClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMfaMonitoringController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMfaMonitoringController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGraphServiceClient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003egraphClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMfaMonitoringController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_graphClient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003egraphClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpGet(\u0026#34;enrollment-stats\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetMfaEnrollmentStats\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eusers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_graphClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUsers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econfig\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econfig\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eQueryParameters\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSelect\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;id\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;displayName\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econfig\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eQueryParameters\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTop\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e999\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etotalUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eusers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCount\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaEnrolledUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eforeach\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ein\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eusers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[])\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eauthMethods\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_graphClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUsers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMethods\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eauthMethods\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAny\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaEnrolledUsers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e++;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eenrollmentRate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etotalUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003edouble\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaEnrolledUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e/\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etotalUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTotalUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etotalUsers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMfaEnrolledUsers\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emfaEnrolledUsers\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEnrollmentRate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMath\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRound\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eenrollmentRate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eComplianceStatus\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eenrollmentRate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e95\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Compliant\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Non-Compliant\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis endpoint uses Microsoft Graph to query user authentication methods. For administrative users, target 100% MFA enrollment. For regular users, 95% is a reasonable threshold. The compliance status gives you immediate visibility into whether your organization meets enrollment requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"health-checks-for-identity-service\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#health-checks-for-identity-service\" title=\"Health Checks for Identity Service\"\u003eHealth Checks for Identity Service\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYour application depends on Azure AD B2C being available. Implement health checks to detect identity service problems before they impact users:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eAzureAdB2CHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIHttpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAzureAdB2CHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIHttpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehttpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econfiguration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehttpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econfiguration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCheckHealthAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCancellationToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ect\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003edefault\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003einstance\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureAdB2C:Instance\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e];\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edomain\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureAdB2C:Domain\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e];\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;AzureAdB2C:SignUpSignInPolicyId\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e];\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emetadataUrl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e$\u0026#34;{instance}/{domain}/{policy}/v2.0/\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e+\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                         \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;.well-known/openid-configuration\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpClientFactory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeout\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromSeconds\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003etry\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003emetadataUrl\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsSuccessStatusCode\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Azure AD B2C is responsive\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDegraded\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e$\u0026#34;Status: {response.StatusCode}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ecatch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eException\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUnhealthy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Azure AD B2C unreachable\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe health check queries the OpenID Connect metadata endpoint. If Azure AD B2C becomes unavailable or degrades, your application learns about it through standard health check infrastructure rather than through failing user logins.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"practical-recommendations-for-production-mfa\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#practical-recommendations-for-production-mfa\" title=\"Practical Recommendations for Production MFA\"\u003ePractical Recommendations for Production MFA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImplementing MFA correctly requires more than just enabling the feature. Here\u0026rsquo;s what actually matters when you\u0026rsquo;re building for real users and real auditors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocument your authentication policy\u003c/strong\u003e: Security reviewers and compliance auditors will ask for your documented authentication policy. Specify which operations require MFA, acceptable authentication methods, session timeout values, and password complexity requirements. For formal certifications, reference the specific controls your policy addresses. For internal governance, focus on the rationale behind each decision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonitor enrollment rates\u003c/strong\u003e: Track MFA enrollment across your user base. For administrative users, aim for 100% enrollment. Period. For regular users, target at least 95%. The monitoring dashboard shown above provides the metrics reviewers expect to see. Low enrollment rates signal either poor communication or friction in the enrollment process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImplement risk-based authentication\u003c/strong\u003e: Not every operation needs MFA, but privileged operations absolutely do. Use claims-based authorization to enforce step-up authentication for critical operations. The example shows MFA required within 5 minutes for data deletion. Adjust this window based on your risk assessment and operational needs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAudit authentication events\u003c/strong\u003e: Log all authentication attempts, both successful and failed. Log MFA challenges and privileged operations. Structure these logs for easy querying during security investigations. Include user ID, timestamp, MFA method used, and operation performed. When something goes wrong, these logs become your forensic evidence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport multiple MFA methods\u003c/strong\u003e: Phone, email, authenticator apps, and FIDO2 security keys each have different security characteristics. Supporting multiple methods improves both security (users can choose stronger methods) and availability (fallback options when primary method unavailable). Don\u0026rsquo;t force everyone into SMS verification when authenticator apps offer better security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest password reset flows\u003c/strong\u003e: Password reset is a common attack vector. Social engineering attacks often target reset processes. Ensure your reset process requires MFA verification before issuing new credentials. Never send reset tokens in email URLs. Use Azure AD B2C\u0026rsquo;s built-in secure reset flows instead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlan for MFA recovery\u003c/strong\u003e: Users lose phones and security keys. Document and implement a secure MFA recovery process that doesn\u0026rsquo;t undermine the security MFA provides. This typically involves identity verification by authorized administrators with full audit logging. The recovery process itself becomes an attack vector if not properly secured.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConfigure session timeouts appropriately\u003c/strong\u003e: Security standards require timeout periods for authenticated sessions. For administrative users, 15-30 minutes is typical. For regular users, balance security with user experience: 2-4 hours is common. Use sliding expiration for regular users but fixed expiration for administrators.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAzure AD B2C custom policies provide the flexibility to implement these requirements while maintaining enterprise-grade security. The platform handles the cryptographic heavy lifting. Your responsibility is configuring policies correctly and integrating them into your authorization model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"conclusion\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/#conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\"\u003eConclusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthentication requirements for privileged operations aren\u0026rsquo;t suggestions. They\u0026rsquo;re auditable controls that determine whether your organization passes security reviews, achieves compliance certifications, or simply avoids becoming the next breach headline. Multi-factor authentication for privileged operations, strong password management, and proper secret handling work together to create defensible authentication architecture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAzure AD B2C with conditional MFA policies provides the tools to meet these requirements without building authentication infrastructure from scratch. Custom policies enable risk-based authentication that balances security with user experience. Integration with ASP.NET Core through Microsoft.Identity.Web makes enforcement straightforward. Authentication concerns live in Azure AD B2C. Authorization decisions live in your application code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fatal example showed what happens when authentication is an afterthought: weak passwords, no MFA, missing audit trails. These aren\u0026rsquo;t just bad practices. They\u0026rsquo;re security failures that block certifications, fail audits, and eventually lead to breaches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe correct implementation demonstrated conditional MFA based on operation risk, comprehensive audit logging, MFA enrollment monitoring, and health checks for the identity service. This architecture passes both technical security reviews and formal compliance audits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStart by documenting your authentication policy with specific references to the controls and standards you\u0026rsquo;re targeting. Implement Azure AD B2C custom policies for conditional MFA. Integrate these policies into your ASP.NET Core authorization model with claims-based policies. Monitor MFA enrollment rates and maintain audit logs for authentication events. When your security reviewer examines your implementation, you\u0026rsquo;ll demonstrate both technical competence and security awareness. And when attackers probe your admin panel, they\u0026rsquo;ll find MFA standing between a stolen password and your production data.\u003c/p\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-05-26T10:22:03+02:00","date_published":"2026-04-23T17:00:00+02:00","id":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/","language":"en","summary":"Password-only admin authentication is security cosplay. How Azure AD B2C conditional MFA creates actual protection for privileged operations.","tags":["iso-standards","security","authentication","azure","identity"],"title":"Security Cosplay: Your Password-Only Admin Panel Isn't Fooling Anyone","url":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/multi-factor-authentication-azure-ad-b2c/"},{"authors":[{"name":"Martin Stühmer","url":"https://daily-devops.net/authors/martin/"}],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eA developer receives a JIRA ticket: \u0026ldquo;Implement ISO 27001 Control A.9.4.3 for session management.\u0026rdquo; The ticket contains an 87-page PDF and a two-week deadline. The developer searches StackOverflow for \u0026ldquo;ASP.NET session timeout.\u0026rdquo; The first answer suggests \u003ccode\u003eSession.Timeout = Int32.MaxValue\u003c/code\u003e for \u0026ldquo;better user experience.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is how security controls become checkbox theater. The code compiles, users can log in, and the feature gets marked complete. Six months later, a penetration tester discovers that sessions never expire, and the audit finding costs more to remediate than doing it right would have.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe standard mandates outcomes: sessions must timeout after inactivity, absolute limits must exist regardless of activity, and authentication artifacts must be protected from interception. ASP.NET Core provides the primitives—cookie authentication with sliding and absolute expiration, JWT bearer tokens with refresh rotation, secure cookie flags. But these are configuration knobs, not security guarantees.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMisconfigured authentication satisfies functional requirements (users can log in) while violating every security principle (sessions never expire, tokens leak through insecure channels, logout doesn\u0026rsquo;t invalidate anything). The gap between \u0026ldquo;it works\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;it\u0026rsquo;s secure\u0026rdquo; is where breaches happen.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis article contrasts fatal misconfigurations with implementations that actually pass security audits. The examples are production patterns—configurations running in certified systems today.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-auditors-actually-test\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#what-auditors-actually-test\" title=\"What Auditors Actually Test\"\u003eWhat Auditors Actually Test\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecurity auditors don\u0026rsquo;t read your documentation. They test:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIdle timeout\u003c/strong\u003e: Does the session terminate after 15 minutes of inactivity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsolute timeout\u003c/strong\u003e: Does an 8-hour session expire even with continuous activity?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecure transmission\u003c/strong\u003e: Are cookies \u003ccode\u003eHttpOnly\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eSecure\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eSameSite=Strict\u003c/code\u003e?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLogout invalidation\u003c/strong\u003e: Does clicking logout actually destroy the token?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAudit trail\u003c/strong\u003e: Are session events logged for forensic analysis?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFailures delay certifications and trigger remediation projects. Worse, they indicate systemic gaps—if session management is wrong, what else got copy-pasted from StackOverflow without verification?\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"fatal-example-session-chaos\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#fatal-example-session-chaos\" title=\"Fatal Example: Session Chaos\"\u003eFatal Example: Session Chaos\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI\u0026rsquo;ve seen this configuration in production codebases. It appears functional—users authenticate, sessions persist, the application works. But it fails every security audit:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Program.cs - Fatal session management\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWebApplication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateBuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eargs\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationDefaults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationScheme\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal: No expiration - sessions never timeout\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpireTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMaxValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSlidingExpiration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal: Cookie accessible to JavaScript\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpOnly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal: Cookie works over HTTP\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSecurePolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieSecurePolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal: No CSRF protection\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSameSite\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSameSiteMode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal: Events not hooked for logging\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEvents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationEvents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuild\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Fatal: Logout doesn\u0026#39;t actually sign out\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapPost\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/logout\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Just redirects - cookie remains valid!\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRedirect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"six-failures-in-twenty-lines\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#six-failures-in-twenty-lines\" title=\"Six Failures In Twenty Lines\"\u003eSix Failures In Twenty Lines\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy this fails:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTimeSpan.MaxValue\u003c/code\u003e = sessions persist forever. An employee leaves, their session remains valid indefinitely.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eHttpOnly = false\u003c/code\u003e = XSS attacks steal tokens via \u003ccode\u003edocument.cookie\u003c/code\u003e. One vulnerable dependency compromises every user.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSecurePolicy = None\u003c/code\u003e = cookies transmit over HTTP in plaintext. Coffee shop WiFi becomes a credential harvesting operation.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSameSite = None\u003c/code\u003e = CSRF attacks succeed. Malicious sites submit authenticated requests on behalf of victims.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo logging = zero visibility into compromises. You won\u0026rsquo;t know you\u0026rsquo;ve been breached until someone else tells you.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogout redirects without \u003ccode\u003eSignOutAsync()\u003c/code\u003e = cookie remains valid. Users think they\u0026rsquo;re logged out. They\u0026rsquo;re not.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery one of these is a direct audit finding. Together, they\u0026rsquo;re a security incident waiting for a trigger.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"secure-cookie-authentication\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#secure-cookie-authentication\" title=\"Secure Cookie Authentication\"\u003eSecure Cookie Authentication\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe compliant configuration (see \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/cookie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eMicrosoft\u0026rsquo;s cookie authentication documentation\u003c/a\u003e for the full API reference):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationDefaults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationScheme\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// 15 minutes idle timeout with sliding window\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpireTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromMinutes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSlidingExpiration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Secure cookie flags - all three are mandatory\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpOnly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSecurePolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieSecurePolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAlways\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookie\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSameSite\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSameSiteMode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eStrict\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEvents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationEvents\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnValidatePrincipal\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Enforce 8-hour absolute timeout\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eissuedUtc\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperties\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIssuedUtc\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eissuedUtc\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValue\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTimeOffset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eissuedUtc\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromHours\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRejectPrincipal\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSignOutAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Logout that actually works\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapPost\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/logout\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSignOutAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationDefaults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationScheme\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSession\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClear\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRedirect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat this achieves:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSliding expiration\u003c/strong\u003e: 15-minute inactivity timeout, extended on each request\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsolute timeout\u003c/strong\u003e: 8-hour maximum regardless of activity (enforced in \u003ccode\u003eOnValidatePrincipal\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXSS protection\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eHttpOnly\u003c/code\u003e prevents JavaScript access\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHTTPS enforcement\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eSecurePolicy.Always\u003c/code\u003e blocks HTTP transmission\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCSRF protection\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eSameSite.Strict\u003c/code\u003e blocks cross-origin requests\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReal logout\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eSignOutAsync()\u003c/code\u003e destroys the cookie, \u003ccode\u003eSession.Clear()\u003c/code\u003e removes server state\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"sharing-data-protection-keys-across-instances\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#sharing-data-protection-keys-across-instances\" title=\"Sharing Data Protection Keys Across Instances\"\u003eSharing Data Protection Keys Across Instances\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor multi-instance deployments, persist \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/data-protection/configuration/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eData Protection keys\u003c/a\u003e to shared storage (Azure Blob, Redis, file share). Without this, application restarts invalidate all sessions—and in a Kubernetes environment with rolling deployments, that means random logouts during every release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"jwt-tokens-refresh-rotation\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#jwt-tokens-refresh-rotation\" title=\"JWT Tokens: Refresh Rotation\"\u003eJWT Tokens: Refresh Rotation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAPI-first architectures can\u0026rsquo;t use cookie-based sessions—there\u0026rsquo;s no browser to manage cookies. JWTs require a different approach: short-lived access tokens paired with rotating refresh tokens. The access token is stateless and self-contained; the refresh token is server-validated and revocable. Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authentication/configure-jwt-bearer-authentication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eJWT bearer authentication documentation\u003c/a\u003e covers the foundational setup.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eJwtBearerDefaults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationScheme\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddJwtBearer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTokenValidationParameters\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTokenValidationParameters\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValidateIssuer\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValidateAudience\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValidateLifetime\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValidateIssuerSigningKey\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClockSkew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eZero\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// No tolerance for expired tokens\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// In production: use Redis or database, not in-memory\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDictionary\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshTokenData\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe token endpoint issues 15-minute access tokens and 7-day refresh tokens:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapPost\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/api/auth/token\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLoginRequest\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eaccessToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGenerateAccessToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// 15 min expiry\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGenerateRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e     \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Cryptographically random\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshTokenData\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddDays\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreatedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Track for absolute timeout\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eaccessToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eexpiresIn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e900\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"enforcing-rotation-on-refresh\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#enforcing-rotation-on-refresh\" title=\"Enforcing Rotation On Refresh\"\u003eEnforcing Rotation On Refresh\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe refresh endpoint enforces rotation and absolute timeout:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapPost\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/api/auth/refresh\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshRequest\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTryGetValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eout\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etokenData\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUnauthorized\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Check expiration\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etokenData\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRemove\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUnauthorized\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Absolute timeout: 8 hours from initial login\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etokenData\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreatedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromHours\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRemove\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUnauthorized\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Rotation: revoke old token, issue new one\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRemove\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enewRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGenerateRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshTokenStore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enewRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etokenData\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ewith\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddDays\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResults\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eaccessToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enewRefreshToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey mechanisms:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15-minute access tokens\u003c/strong\u003e limit stolen token exposure\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eToken rotation\u003c/strong\u003e prevents reuse attacks—each refresh invalidates the previous token\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsolute timeout\u003c/strong\u003e via \u003ccode\u003eCreatedAt\u003c/code\u003e forces re-authentication after 8 hours\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLogout revocation\u003c/strong\u003e removes refresh token from storage immediately\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"why-guids-make-bad-refresh-tokens\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#why-guids-make-bad-refresh-tokens\" title=\"Why GUIDs Make Bad Refresh Tokens\"\u003eWhy GUIDs Make Bad Refresh Tokens\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003eRandomNumberGenerator\u003c/code\u003e for refresh tokens—64 bytes minimum. GUIDs aren\u0026rsquo;t cryptographically suitable for security tokens; they\u0026rsquo;re designed for uniqueness, not unpredictability. An attacker who can predict the next token value can forge valid refresh tokens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"concurrent-session-limits\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#concurrent-session-limits\" title=\"Concurrent Session Limits\"\u003eConcurrent Session Limits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome organizations require single-session enforcement—a new login invalidates existing sessions. Financial services, healthcare, and government systems often mandate this. It prevents credential sharing (one account, one user) and limits compromise impact (stealing credentials doesn\u0026rsquo;t grant parallel access). The implementation uses \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/performance/caching/distributed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003edistributed caching\u003c/a\u003e for cross-instance session tracking:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddStackExchangeRedisCache\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetConnectionString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Redis\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEvents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCookieAuthenticationEvents\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnSigningIn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecache\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestServices\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetRequiredService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIDistributedCache\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePrincipal\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;sub\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eis\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003esessionId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGuid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNewGuid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e().\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eToString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperties\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eItems\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;SessionId\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003esessionId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecache\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSetStringAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e$\u0026#34;session:{userId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003esessionId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDistributedCacheEntryOptions\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimeSpan\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFromHours\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnValidatePrincipal\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecache\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestServices\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetRequiredService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIDistributedCache\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePrincipal\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;sub\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003esessionId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperties\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eItems\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetValueOrDefault\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;SessionId\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eis\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e||\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003esessionId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eis\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentSession\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecache\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetStringAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e$\u0026#34;session:{userId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentSession\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e!=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003esessionId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRejectPrincipal\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSignOutAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen a user logs in from a new device, their previous session is invalidated on the next request. The Redis cache tracks which session ID is current—older sessions fail validation and force re-authentication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"unexpected-logouts-as-breach-signals\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#unexpected-logouts-as-breach-signals\" title=\"Unexpected Logouts As Breach Signals\"\u003eUnexpected Logouts As Breach Signals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis pattern also provides breach detection. If a user reports they were logged out unexpectedly, someone else authenticated with their credentials. That\u0026rsquo;s an incident worth investigating.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"practical-takeaways\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/#practical-takeaways\" title=\"Practical Takeaways\"\u003ePractical Takeaways\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSession security reduces to a few non-negotiable configurations:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoth timeout types are mandatory\u003c/strong\u003e: 15-minute sliding expiration for idle sessions, 8-hour absolute maximum regardless of activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCookie flags aren\u0026rsquo;t optional\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eHttpOnly\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eSecure\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eSameSite=Strict\u003c/code\u003e. Each prevents a specific attack class.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLogout must call \u003ccode\u003eSignOutAsync()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e: Redirecting without destroying the token is cosmetic, not functional.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJWT refresh tokens rotate\u003c/strong\u003e: Each refresh invalidates the previous token. Store the original creation time for absolute timeout enforcement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLog authentication events\u003c/strong\u003e: Session creation, renewal, timeout, and logout provide the audit trail auditors expect.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePersist Data Protection keys\u003c/strong\u003e: In multi-instance deployments, shared key storage prevents session invalidation on restarts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese patterns aren\u0026rsquo;t theoretical—they\u0026rsquo;re what certified systems actually run. I\u0026rsquo;ve implemented them across multiple ISO 27001 and SOC 2 audits. The configurations pass because they address the actual threat model, not because they check compliance boxes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecurity controls work when enforced in code, not documented in PDFs. The auditor doesn\u0026rsquo;t care what your security policy says; they care what your application does when they test it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-05-26T10:22:03+02:00","date_published":"2026-03-05T17:00:00+01:00","id":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/","language":"en","summary":"Most ASP.NET session configs pass code review but fail security audits. Learn what actually matters for cookie authentication and JWT tokens.","tags":["iso-standards","security","authentication","dotnet","bestpractices"],"title":"Your Logout Button Is Lying: ASP.NET Session Security Done Right","url":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/session-management-aspnet-authentication/"},{"authors":[{"name":"Martin Stühmer","url":"https://daily-devops.net/authors/martin/"}],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThat boolean column you call \u0026ldquo;consent\u0026rdquo;? It\u0026rsquo;s a liability bomb with a ticking clock.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI\u0026rsquo;ve lost count of how many production codebases I\u0026rsquo;ve audited where \u0026ldquo;consent management\u0026rdquo; meant a single \u003ccode\u003eAcceptedTerms\u003c/code\u003e property. Cookie banners everywhere. \u0026ldquo;Accept All\u0026rdquo; buttons doing the heavy lifting. Privacy policies buried in legal prose with one acknowledgment click covering everything from marketing emails to behavioral profiling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThen the auditor asks: \u0026ldquo;Show me the consent record for user X, including when they agreed, to what version of your policy, and how they can withdraw.\u0026rdquo; And suddenly that boolean column looks very, very thin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThat\u0026rsquo;s not consent management. That\u0026rsquo;s compliance theater.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/standard/71670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eISO/IEC 27701\u003c/a\u003e Control 7.3.2 (\u0026ldquo;Providing data subjects with choices\u0026rdquo;) and \u003ca href=\"https://gdpr-info.eu/art-7-gdpr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eGDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) Article 7\u003c/a\u003e establish clear requirements: consent must be \u003cstrong\u003especific, informed, freely given, and provable\u003c/strong\u003e. Withdrawal must be as easy as granting. And the audit trail must survive regulatory scrutiny.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost implementations fail all of these. Here\u0026rsquo;s how to build consent management in .NET that actually works.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-fatal-pattern-consent-as-an-afterthought\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#the-fatal-pattern-consent-as-an-afterthought\" title=\"The Fatal Pattern: Consent as an Afterthought\"\u003eThe Fatal Pattern: Consent as an Afterthought\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the implementation I\u0026rsquo;ve seen deployed at companies processing millions of user records:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIdentityUser\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAcceptedTerms\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// The entire \u0026#34;consent system\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAcceptedTermsDate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Registration: one checkbox, forever consent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAcceptedTerms\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAcceptedTermsDate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eFive critical failures in six lines:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo granularity.\u003c/strong\u003e One checkbox covers terms, privacy policy, marketing emails, analytics, and third-party data sharing. ISO 27701 7.3.2 explicitly requires separate consent for each distinct processing purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo audit trail.\u003c/strong\u003e When \u003ccode\u003eAcceptedTerms\u003c/code\u003e flips from \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003efalse\u003c/code\u003e, you\u0026rsquo;ve lost the original consent record. No timestamp of the change. No reason captured. No policy version recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo expiration.\u003c/strong\u003e Consent granted under your 2020 privacy policy remains \u0026ldquo;valid\u0026rdquo; under your 2026 policy, even though the processing activities may be completely different. GDPR Article 7(3) requires consent to remain valid only for the specific purpose and context in which it was given.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo withdrawal mechanism.\u003c/strong\u003e Users can\u0026rsquo;t selectively opt out of marketing while staying opted in to analytics. It\u0026rsquo;s nuclear: all or nothing. This violates ISO 27701 7.3.4\u0026rsquo;s requirement for granular control.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo enforcement.\u003c/strong\u003e Nothing stops your email service from blasting promotional content to users who never consented to marketing. The consent record is decorative, not functional.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis pattern satisfies one requirement: showing auditors that a checkbox exists. It satisfies nothing else.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-correct-pattern-purpose-specific-consent-with-audit\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#the-correct-pattern-purpose-specific-consent-with-audit\" title=\"The Correct Pattern: Purpose-Specific Consent with Audit\"\u003eThe Correct Pattern: Purpose-Specific Consent with Audit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReal consent management requires four components working together: \u003cstrong\u003egranular consent records\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eimmutable audit logs\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003evalidation middleware\u003c/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eexpiration workflows\u003c/strong\u003e. Each piece addresses a specific regulatory requirement. Let\u0026rsquo;s build them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-1-model-consent-granularly\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-1-model-consent-granularly\" title=\"Step 1: Model Consent Granularly\"\u003eStep 1: Model Consent Granularly\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStart by defining consent purposes as distinct entities. Each represents a specific data processing activity requiring explicit user approval:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTermsOfService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e              \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Required: platform access\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePrivacyPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e               \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Required: data processing basis\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMarketingEmails\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e             \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Optional: promotional content\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAnalyticsTracking\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e           \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Optional: usage telemetry\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eThirdPartyDataSharing\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e       \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Optional: partner integrations\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProfilingAndPersonalization\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Optional: behavioral targeting\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Consent can expire\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e     \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Which policy version was accepted\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIpAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Audit context\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis separates each consent purpose into its own record. Marketing consent lives independently from analytics consent. Withdrawing one leaves others intact. Exactly what ISO 27701 7.3.4 requires.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-2-create-an-immutable-audit-log\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-2-create-an-immutable-audit-log\" title=\"Step 2: Create an Immutable Audit Log\"\u003eStep 2: Create an Immutable Audit Log\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent decisions change. ISO 27701 requires proving not just current state, but complete history. The key insight: \u003cstrong\u003enever update consent records, always insert new ones.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eConsentAuditLog\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWasGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e      \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Previous state\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e       \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// New state\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangeReason\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// User action, policy update, or expiration\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIpAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery consent change (granted, withdrawn, expired) creates an audit entry. This log is \u003cstrong\u003eappend-only\u003c/strong\u003e: no updates, no deletes. When an auditor asks \u0026ldquo;What did user X consent to on March 15, 2024, and under what policy version?\u0026rdquo; you have the answer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-3-build-a-consent-service\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-3-build-a-consent-service\" title=\"Step 3: Build a Consent Service\"\u003eStep 3: Build a Consent Service\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEncapsulate consent logic in a service that enforces business rules. The interface is straightforward:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003einterface\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eIConsentService\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValidConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eexpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eipAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWithdrawConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ereason\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIEnumerable\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetUserConsentsAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpireStaleConsentsAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe implementation enforces critical invariants. Here\u0026rsquo;s the consent validation (note the expiration check):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValidConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsents\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWhere\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOrderByDescending\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFirstOrDefaultAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e||\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Expired consent is no consent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValue\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogWarning\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Consent {Purpose} for user {UserId} has expired\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eGranting consent creates both a record and an audit entry. Notice we capture the previous state for the audit trail:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eexpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eipAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epreviousConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsents\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWhere\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOrderByDescending\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFirstOrDefaultAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eexpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIpAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eipAddress\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserAgent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLogs\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLog\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWasGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epreviousConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangeReason\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epreviousConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Initial consent\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Consent renewed\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIpAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eipAddress\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserAgent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSaveChangesAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithdrawal follows the same pattern. It doesn\u0026rsquo;t delete records, it creates a new \u0026ldquo;not granted\u0026rdquo; record:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWithdrawConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ereason\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsents\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWhere\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOrderByDescending\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFirstOrDefaultAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLogs\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLog\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWasGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangeReason\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ereason\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecurrentConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_context\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSaveChangesAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogInformation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Consent withdrawn: {Purpose} for user {UserId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery state change is logged. Nothing is deleted. The audit trail is complete.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-4-enforce-consent-with-middleware\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-4-enforce-consent-with-middleware\" title=\"Step 4: Enforce Consent with Middleware\"\u003eStep 4: Enforce Consent with Middleware\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSprinkling consent checks across controller actions is error-prone and inconsistent. Use \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/middleware/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003emiddleware\u003c/a\u003e to enforce consent requirements before requests reach your application logic:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eConsentValidationMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestDelegate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentValidationMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentValidationMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestDelegate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentValidationMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eInvokeAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConsentService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIdentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsAuthenticated\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetUserAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasTerms\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValidConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTermsOfService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasPrivacy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValidConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePrivacyPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasTerms\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e||\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasPrivacy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogWarning\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User {UserId} missing required consent\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eResponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRedirect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/Account/ConsentRequired\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Program.cs registration\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentValidationMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsers without valid required consents get redirected to update their preferences. No controller action ever executes without consent validation passing first.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-5-build-a-user-facing-consent-dashboard\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-5-build-a-user-facing-consent-dashboard\" title=\"Step 5: Build a User-Facing Consent Dashboard\"\u003eStep 5: Build a User-Facing Consent Dashboard\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISO 27701 7.3.4 requires giving users a mechanism to modify or withdraw consent. Build a dashboard where users see exactly what they\u0026rsquo;ve agreed to and can change their minds:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eConsentManagementModel\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePageModel\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConsentService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_userManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIEnumerable\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentViewModel\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_userManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetUserAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetUserConsentsAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;ConsentManagement:PolicyVersion\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e];\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuildConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTermsOfService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Terms of Service\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Required to use the platform\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuildConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMarketingEmails\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Marketing Communications\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Receive promotional emails and product updates\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuildConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAnalyticsTracking\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Analytics \u0026amp; Performance\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Help us improve with usage analytics\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuildConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eThirdPartyDataSharing\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Third-Party Data Sharing\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Share anonymized data with trusted partners\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnPostAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDictionary\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentChoices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_userManager\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetUserAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;ConsentManagement:PolicyVersion\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e];\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eipAddress\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConnection\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRemoteIpAddress\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eToString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserAgent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHeaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User-Agent\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e].\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eToString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eforeach\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003egranted\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ein\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentChoices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEnum\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTryParse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eout\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003econtinue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003egranted\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Marketing consent expires after 2 years\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eexpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMarketingEmails\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUtcNow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddYears\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDateTime\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eexpiresAt\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eipAddress\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserAgent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWithdrawConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                    \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User preference update\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRedirectToPage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003estatic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentViewModel\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eBuildConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edesc\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequired\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIEnumerable\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eversion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDisplayName\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDescription\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edesc\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsRequired\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequired\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eversion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsents\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFirstOrDefault\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsGranted\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e};\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eUsers see exactly what they\u0026rsquo;ve consented to, when it expires, and can toggle optional consents freely. Required consents (Terms, Privacy) can only be withdrawn by closing the account.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-6-automate-consent-expiration-with-azure-functions\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-6-automate-consent-expiration-with-azure-functions\" title=\"Step 6: Automate Consent Expiration with Azure Functions\"\u003eStep 6: Automate Consent Expiration with Azure Functions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent shouldn\u0026rsquo;t live forever. Use \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-functions/functions-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eAzure Functions\u003c/a\u003e to automatically expire stale consents:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eConsentExpirationFunction\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConsentService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentExpirationFunction\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentExpirationFunction\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConsentService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentExpirationFunction\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003elogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [FunctionName(\u0026#34;ExpireStaleConsents\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e([\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimerTrigger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;0 0 2 * * *\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTimerInfo\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etimer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Daily at 2 AM\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogInformation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Starting consent expiration check\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_consentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eExpireStaleConsentsAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Optional: Send renewal reminders for consents expiring within 30 days\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis function runs daily, automatically expiring consents past their validity period and creating audit entries for each expiration. Users can be notified to renew consents before they lapse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-7-respect-consent-in-application-insights\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#step-7-respect-consent-in-application-insights\" title=\"Step 7: Respect Consent in Application Insights\"\u003eStep 7: Respect Consent in Application Insights\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a user withdraws analytics consent, your telemetry system must honor that choice immediately. Configure \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/app/app-insights-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eApplication Insights\u003c/a\u003e to check consent before logging.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe challenge: \u003ccode\u003eITelemetryInitializer.Initialize()\u003c/code\u003e is synchronous, but our consent service is async. Using \u003ccode\u003e.Result\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003e.GetAwaiter().GetResult()\u003c/code\u003e risks deadlocks. Instead, cache consent status in the \u003ccode\u003eHttpContext.Items\u003c/code\u003e during the request pipeline:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Middleware to cache consent status early in the pipeline\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eConsentCachingMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestDelegate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentCachingMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequestDelegate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003enext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eInvokeAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConsentService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIdentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsAuthenticated\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirstValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClaimTypes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNameIdentifier\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasAnalyticsConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econsentService\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasValidConsentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentPurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAnalyticsTracking\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eItems\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;HasAnalyticsConsent\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasAnalyticsConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_next\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Telemetry initializer reads from cache (no async needed)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eConsentAwareTelemetryInitializer\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eITelemetryInitializer\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIHttpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAwareTelemetryInitializer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIHttpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehttpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehttpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eInitialize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eITelemetry\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etelemetry\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpContextAccessor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIdentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsAuthenticated\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e!=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003etrue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eItems\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;HasAnalyticsConsent\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eas\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003ebool?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e??\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ehasConsent\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003etelemetry\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eis\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eISupportProperties\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epropTelemetry\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epropTelemetry\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperties\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;UserId\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;anonymous\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Program.cs: Register middleware before telemetry initializer runs\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseAuthentication\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUseMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentCachingMiddleware\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddApplicationInsightsTelemetry\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddSingleton\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eITelemetryInitializer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAwareTelemetryInitializer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour analytics now respects user consent choices in real time. No consent, no tracking. As it should be.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"database-migration-setting-up-the-schema\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#database-migration-setting-up-the-schema\" title=\"Database Migration: Setting Up the Schema\"\u003eDatabase Migration: Setting Up the Schema\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdd the consent tables to your \u003ca href=\"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eEntity Framework Core\u003c/a\u003e context:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eApplicationDbContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIdentityDbContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eApplicationUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDbSet\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsents\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDbSet\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLogs\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprotected\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eoverride\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003evoid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnModelCreating\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eModelBuilder\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ebase\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnModelCreating\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEntity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserConsent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasKey\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasIndex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePurpose\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGrantedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasMaxLength\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsRequired\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIpAddress\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasMaxLength\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// IPv6 length\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasOne\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWithMany\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasForeignKey\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnDelete\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteBehavior\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCascade\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEntity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eConsentAuditLog\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasKey\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasIndex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangedAt\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eChangeReason\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasMaxLength\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsRequired\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProperty\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ePolicyVersion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasMaxLength\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"m\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsRequired\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eentity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasOne\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWithMany\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHasForeignKey\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ee\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOnDelete\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteBehavior\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCascade\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen create and apply the migration:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003edotnet ef migrations add AddConsentManagement\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003edotnet ef database update\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-this-actually-achieves\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#what-this-actually-achieves\" title=\"What This Actually Achieves\"\u003eWhat This Actually Achieves\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis implementation satisfies \u003ca href=\"https://www.iso.org/standard/71670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eISO 27701 Control 7.3.2\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://gdpr-info.eu/art-7-gdpr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\"\u003eGDPR Article 7\u003c/a\u003e requirements:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecific and granular.\u003c/strong\u003e Each consent purpose is tracked separately. Users can consent to marketing emails without consenting to third-party data sharing. Withdrawing one leaves others intact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed.\u003c/strong\u003e The dashboard clearly describes what each consent enables, with policy version references so users know exactly what they\u0026rsquo;re agreeing to.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFreely given.\u003c/strong\u003e Optional consents can be granted or withdrawn independently. There\u0026rsquo;s no \u0026ldquo;consent to everything or leave\u0026rdquo; coercion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvable.\u003c/strong\u003e The immutable audit log provides complete history of every consent decision: timestamps, policy versions, IP addresses, user agents. When an auditor asks what a user agreed to three years ago, you have the answer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRevocable.\u003c/strong\u003e Users withdraw consent through the dashboard, and the system enforces that withdrawal across all data processing. Analytics stops. Marketing emails stop. No manual intervention required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpiring.\u003c/strong\u003e Consents expire automatically, requiring periodic re-confirmation. No more \u0026ldquo;perpetual consent\u0026rdquo; from a checkbox clicked in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis isn\u0026rsquo;t compliance theater. It\u0026rsquo;s a defensible system that respects user autonomy while protecting your organization from regulatory liability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-real-cost-of-fake-consent\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/#the-real-cost-of-fake-consent\" title=\"The Real Cost of Fake Consent\"\u003eThe Real Cost of Fake Consent\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA cookie banner is not consent management.\u003c/strong\u003e It\u0026rsquo;s a legal fiction that experienced auditors see through in seconds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen GDPR enforcement actions land, they don\u0026rsquo;t penalize missing cookie banners. They penalize missing \u003cstrong\u003eaudit trails\u003c/strong\u003e. They penalize organizations that can\u0026rsquo;t demonstrate what specific processing activities a user agreed to, when, under what policy version, and through what mechanism they can withdraw. They penalize dark patterns that make opting out harder than opting in.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI\u0026rsquo;ve watched teams scramble when auditors ask for consent records and discover their entire \u0026ldquo;consent management system\u0026rdquo; is a boolean column with no history. That discovery usually happens about 72 hours before the response deadline.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISO 27701 Control 7.3.2 exists because privacy isn\u0026rsquo;t about checkboxes. It\u0026rsquo;s about \u003cstrong\u003edata subject control\u003c/strong\u003e. If your users can\u0026rsquo;t meaningfully choose what you do with their data, you\u0026rsquo;re not managing consent. You\u0026rsquo;re accumulating liability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe implementation shown here isn\u0026rsquo;t perfect. Production systems need consent delegation for organizational accounts, consent transfer during mergers, consent handling for minors, and integration with data deletion workflows. But this foundation (purpose-specific records, immutable audit logs, validation middleware, expiration automation) gives you architecture that survives scrutiny.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuild consent management that respects your users\u0026rsquo; agency. Build systems that produce defensible audit trails. And for the love of everything auditable, \u003cstrong\u003estop pretending a single checkbox satisfies ISO 27701\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat boolean column you\u0026rsquo;re calling \u0026ldquo;consent\u0026rdquo;? Replace it. Your users and your legal team will thank you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-05-26T10:22:03+02:00","date_published":"2026-02-24T17:00:00+01:00","id":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/","language":"en","summary":"Your \"consent management\" is probably a boolean column with no audit trail. Here's what ISO 27701 and GDPR Article 7 actually require in .NET.\n","tags":["iso-standards","privacy","gdpr","dotnet","authentication"],"title":"Cookie Banners Won't Save You From ISO 27701\n","url":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/consent-management-aspnet-identity/"},{"authors":[{"name":"Martin Stühmer","url":"https://daily-devops.net/authors/martin/"}],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthentication proves identity. Authorization enforces access rights. ISO/IEC 27001 Control A.9 requires both — and teams consistently confuse them.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI\u0026rsquo;ve reviewed too many ASP.NET Core applications where authentication exists but authorization is theater. Teams feel secure because they see \u003ccode\u003e[Authorize]\u003c/code\u003e attributes on controllers. Then you find \u003ccode\u003e[AllowAnonymous]\u003c/code\u003e scattered across action methods, hardcoded role strings in business logic, and zero audit trail when authorization fails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis isn\u0026rsquo;t just bad architecture. \u003cstrong\u003eIt\u0026rsquo;s a violation of ISO/IEC 27001 Control A.9 (Access Control)\u003c/strong\u003e, which explicitly requires:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.1:\u003c/strong\u003e Business requirements of access control\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.2:\u003c/strong\u003e User access management\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.4:\u003c/strong\u003e System and application access control\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe standard doesn\u0026rsquo;t care that your authentication works. It demands that access rights are enforced based on business rules, managed centrally, and audited comprehensively. String-based role checks scattered across your codebase don\u0026rsquo;t satisfy any of those requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026rsquo;s what inadequate access control looks like in the codebases I\u0026rsquo;ve reviewed, why auditors flag it immediately, and what actually works.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-fatal-pattern-authentication-without-authorization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#the-fatal-pattern-authentication-without-authorization\" title=\"The Fatal Pattern: Authentication Without Authorization\"\u003eThe Fatal Pattern: Authentication Without Authorization\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026rsquo;s what I encounter repeatedly in ASP.NET Core applications that claim to be \u0026ldquo;secure\u0026rdquo;:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[Authorize]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Authentication required...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eDocumentsController\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eControllerBase\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// ...but anyone authenticated can access everything\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpGet(\u0026#34;{id}\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [AllowAnonymous]\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Wait, why is this here?\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetDocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"cm\"\u003e/* ... */\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpPost]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateDocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateDocumentRequest\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Authorization check buried in business logic\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsInRole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;DocumentCreator\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eForbid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// No audit trail\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"cm\"\u003e/* ... */\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpDelete(\u0026#34;{id}\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDeleteDocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Different pattern, same problem\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserRoles\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClaims\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWhere\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClaimTypes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSelect\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserRoles\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eContains\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Admin\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserRoles\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eContains\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;DocumentManager\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e))\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eForbid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Still no audit trail\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"cm\"\u003e/* ... */\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis code violates \u003cstrong\u003emultiple ISO 27001 controls simultaneously\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"violation-1-inconsistent-access-control-a941\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#violation-1-inconsistent-access-control-a941\" title=\"Violation 1: Inconsistent Access Control (A.9.4.1)\"\u003eViolation 1: Inconsistent Access Control (A.9.4.1)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003e[AllowAnonymous]\u003c/code\u003e attribute on \u003ccode\u003eGetDocument\u003c/code\u003e contradicts the controller-level \u003ccode\u003e[Authorize]\u003c/code\u003e attribute. Why does document retrieval bypass authentication entirely? This creates an access control gap that auditors will flag immediately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISO requirement:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ldquo;Access to systems and applications shall be controlled in accordance with access control policy.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no coherent access control policy here. Anonymous access for reads, role checks for writes, and no documented business justification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"violation-2-decentralized-authorization-logic-a921\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#violation-2-decentralized-authorization-logic-a921\" title=\"Violation 2: Decentralized Authorization Logic (A.9.2.1)\"\u003eViolation 2: Decentralized Authorization Logic (A.9.2.1)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthorization decisions are scattered across controller actions using different patterns:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eString-based role checks: \u003ccode\u003eUser.IsInRole(\u0026quot;DocumentCreator\u0026quot;)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual claim enumeration: \u003ccode\u003eUser.Claims.Where(...)\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInconsistent role requirements: \u003ccode\u003e\u0026quot;Admin\u0026quot;\u003c/code\u003e vs \u003ccode\u003e\u0026quot;DocumentManager\u0026quot;\u003c/code\u003e with no explanation\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISO requirement:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ldquo;A formal user access provisioning process shall be implemented to assign or revoke access rights.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHow do you audit these access rights? Where is the central policy that defines who can create, read, update, or delete documents? The authorization rules are embedded in controller code. Every change requires a deployment. Every audit requires reading through controller implementations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"violation-3-no-audit-trail-a945\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#violation-3-no-audit-trail-a945\" title=\"Violation 3: No Audit Trail (A.9.4.5)\"\u003eViolation 3: No Audit Trail (A.9.4.5)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen authorization fails, the application returns \u003ccode\u003e403 Forbidden\u003c/code\u003e. But where\u0026rsquo;s the audit log?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISO requirement:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ldquo;Access to information and application system functions shall be restricted in accordance with the access control policy.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe standard requires you to demonstrate that access controls are enforced. Without audit logs of authorization failures, you cannot prove compliance. Returning \u003ccode\u003eForbid()\u003c/code\u003e silently discards evidence that the control was tested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"violation-4-brittle-role-management-a922\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#violation-4-brittle-role-management-a922\" title=\"Violation 4: Brittle Role Management (A.9.2.2)\"\u003eViolation 4: Brittle Role Management (A.9.2.2)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardcoded role strings like \u003ccode\u003e\u0026quot;DocumentCreator\u0026quot;\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003e\u0026quot;Admin\u0026quot;\u003c/code\u003e create maintenance nightmares. When business requirements change:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhich role takes precedence?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWho decides when roles should be renamed?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHow do you handle role deprecation without breaking production?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISO requirement:\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ldquo;User access rights shall be reviewed at regular intervals.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can\u0026rsquo;t review access rights that are hardcoded strings scattered across dozens of controllers. Every review requires grepping the codebase and hoping developers remembered to update every location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-actually-works-policy-based-authorization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#what-actually-works-policy-based-authorization\" title=\"What Actually Works: Policy-Based Authorization\"\u003eWhat Actually Works: Policy-Based Authorization\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISO 27001 Control A.9 is satisfied when authorization is:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentralized\u003c/strong\u003e — defined in one location, not scattered across controllers\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolicy-driven\u003c/strong\u003e — based on business requirements, not implementation details\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuditable\u003c/strong\u003e — authorization decisions are logged comprehensively\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTestable\u003c/strong\u003e — policies can be verified independently of controllers\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026rsquo;s how ASP.NET Core implements this correctly:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-1-define-authorization-policies\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#step-1-define-authorization-policies\" title=\"Step 1: Define Authorization Policies\"\u003eStep 1: Define Authorization Policies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Program.cs\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Business requirements become named policies\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;ViewDocuments\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireClaim\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;permission\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;documents.read\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e));\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;CreateDocuments\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequireClaim\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;permission\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;documents.write\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e));\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Resource-based authorization for ownership\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddPolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;EditOwnDocuments\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003epolicy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eRequirements\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAdd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocumentOwnershipRequirement\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()));\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e});\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis satisfies \u003cstrong\u003eA.9.1 (Business requirements of access control)\u003c/strong\u003e by codifying access requirements as named policies that reflect business operations, not technical role names.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-2-implement-custom-authorization-handlers\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#step-2-implement-custom-authorization-handlers\" title=\"Step 2: Implement Custom Authorization Handlers\"\u003eStep 2: Implement Custom Authorization Handlers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor complex business rules, use authorization handlers:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eDocumentOwnershipRequirement\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIAuthorizationRequirement\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eDocumentOwnershipHandler\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthorizationHandler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocumentOwnershipRequirement\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocumentOwnershipHandler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprotected\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eoverride\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHandleRequirementAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthorizationHandlerContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocumentOwnershipRequirement\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequirement\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocument\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresource\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClaimTypes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNameIdentifier\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresource\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOwnerId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSucceed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequirement\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// A.9.4.5: Audit authorization failure\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogWarning\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User {UserId} denied access to document {DocumentId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003euserId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresource\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCompletedTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis satisfies \u003cstrong\u003eA.9.4.1 (Restriction of access to information)\u003c/strong\u003e by centralizing business logic that determines access rights. Authorization decisions are made in one location, not repeated across controllers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"step-3-apply-policies-declaratively\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#step-3-apply-policies-declaratively\" title=\"Step 3: Apply Policies Declaratively\"\u003eStep 3: Apply Policies Declaratively\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e[Authorize]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eDocumentsController\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eControllerBase\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIAuthorizationService\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_authorizationService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eILogger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDocumentsController\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpGet(\u0026#34;{id}\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;ViewDocuments\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e  \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Declarative policy\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetDocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003eint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edocument\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_documentService\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetDocumentAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edocument\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e==\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kc\"\u003enull\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNotFound\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Resource-based authorization for ownership\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eauthResult\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_authorizationService\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthorizeAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;EditOwnDocuments\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eauthResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eSucceeded\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// A.9.4.5: Audit authorization failure\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogWarning\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User {UserId} denied access to document {DocumentId}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClaimTypes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNameIdentifier\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eForbid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003edocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [HttpPost]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Authorize(Policy = \u0026#34;CreateDocuments\u0026#34;)]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIActionResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateDocument\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateDocumentRequest\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003erequest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_logger\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eLogInformation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;User {UserId} creating document\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUser\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eFindFirst\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eClaimTypes\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eNameIdentifier\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)?.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"cm\"\u003e/* ... */\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"key-improvements\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#key-improvements\" title=\"Key Improvements\"\u003eKey Improvements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentralized Policy Definition:\u003c/strong\u003e All authorization logic lives in \u003ccode\u003eProgram.cs\u003c/code\u003e, not scattered across controllers. When business requirements change, you update policies in one location.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClaims-Based Permissions:\u003c/strong\u003e Instead of role strings, use permission claims (\u003ccode\u003edocuments.read\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003edocuments.write\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003edocuments.manage\u003c/code\u003e). This separates identity (who you are) from authorization (what you can do).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResource-Based Authorization:\u003c/strong\u003e Use \u003ccode\u003eIAuthorizationService\u003c/code\u003e for dynamic checks that depend on resource properties (e.g., document ownership). This handles scenarios where static policies aren\u0026rsquo;t sufficient.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComprehensive Audit Logging:\u003c/strong\u003e Every authorization decision is logged with context (user ID, resource ID, action attempted). This satisfies \u003cstrong\u003eA.9.4.5\u003c/strong\u003e audit requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"testing-authorization-policies\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#testing-authorization-policies\" title=\"Testing Authorization Policies\"\u003eTesting Authorization Policies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISO 27001 Control \u003cstrong\u003eA.12.1.2\u003c/strong\u003e requires testing of security controls. Here\u0026rsquo;s how to verify authorization policies through automated integration tests:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eDocumentAuthorizationTests\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIClassFixture\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eWebApplicationFactory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eProgram\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Fact]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetDocument_WithoutAuthentication_Returns401\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_factory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/api/documents/1\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAssert\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEqual\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpStatusCode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUnauthorized\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eStatusCode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"na\"\u003e    [Fact]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetDocument_WithoutViewPermission_Returns403\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_factory\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCreateClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e();\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDefaultRequestHeaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthorization\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationHeaderValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Bearer\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTokenWithoutReadPermission\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e());\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eclient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/api/documents/1\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAssert\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eEqual\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpStatusCode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eForbidden\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eStatusCode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch3 id=\"github-actions-integration\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#github-actions-integration\" title=\"GitHub Actions Integration\"\u003eGitHub Actions Integration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRun these tests in CI/CD to verify authorization policies before deployment:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-yaml\" data-lang=\"yaml\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eSecurity Compliance\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003eon\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003epull_request\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e    \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003epaths\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u0026#39;src/**/*.cs\u0026#39;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u0026#39;tests/**/*.cs\u0026#39;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ejobs\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e  \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003eauthorization-tests\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e    \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003eruns-on\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eubuntu-latest\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e    \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003esteps\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003euses\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eactions/checkout@v4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eSetup .NET\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e        \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003euses\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eactions/setup-dotnet@v4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e        \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ewith\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e          \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003edotnet-version\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u0026#39;9.0.x\u0026#39;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eRun Authorization Tests\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e        \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003edotnet test --filter \u0026#34;Category=Authorization\u0026#34; --logger \u0026#34;trx;LogFileName=authorization-results.trx\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e      \u003c/span\u003e- \u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003ePublish Test Results\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e        \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003ealways()\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e        \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003euses\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"l\"\u003eEnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action@v2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e        \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003ewith\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e          \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"nt\"\u003efiles\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u0026#39;**/authorization-results.trx\u0026#39;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"w\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis satisfies \u003cstrong\u003eA.12.1.2 (Testing of security controls)\u003c/strong\u003e by automating verification that access controls function as intended.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"health-checks-for-authentication-services\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#health-checks-for-authentication-services\" title=\"Health Checks for Authentication Services\"\u003eHealth Checks for Authentication Services\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISO 27001 Control \u003cstrong\u003eA.17.1.1\u003c/strong\u003e requires monitoring availability of critical services. Authentication is a critical service. Here\u0026rsquo;s how to monitor it:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight\"\u003e\u003cpre tabindex=\"0\" class=\"chroma\"\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-csharp\" data-lang=\"csharp\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Program.cs\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ebuilder\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddHealthChecks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAddCheck\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eAuthenticationServiceHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;authentication\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"nc\"\u003eAuthenticationServiceHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIHealthCheck\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIConfiguration\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003eprivate\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHttpClient\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003epublic\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"kd\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eTask\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCheckHealthAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckContext\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003econtext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eCancellationToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecancellationToken\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003edefault\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eauthEndpoint\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_configuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Authentication:Authority\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e];\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003etry\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"kt\"\u003evar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003e_httpClient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eGetAsync\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e$\u0026#34;{authEndpoint}/.well-known/openid-configuration\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003ecancellationToken\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eresponse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eIsSuccessStatusCode\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e?\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e()\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e                \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eDegraded\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e$\u0026#34;Status: {response.StatusCode}\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ecatch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eException\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e            \u003cspan class=\"k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eHealthCheckResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eUnhealthy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;Authentication unavailable\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e        \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e    \u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c1\"\u003e// Expose endpoint\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"line\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cl\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eapp\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"n\"\u003eMapHealthChecks\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s\"\u003e\u0026#34;/health\u0026#34;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"p\"\u003e);\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis enables external monitoring systems to verify authentication service availability, satisfying operational monitoring requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"mapping-iso-controls-to-implementation\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#mapping-iso-controls-to-implementation\" title=\"Mapping ISO Controls to Implementation\"\u003eMapping ISO Controls to Implementation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere\u0026rsquo;s how policy-based authorization satisfies specific ISO 27001 requirements:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\t\u003cthead\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cth\u003eISO Control\u003c/th\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cth\u003eRequirement\u003c/th\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003cth\u003eImplementation\u003c/th\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c/thead\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.1.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eAccess control policy\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eCentralized policy definitions in \u003ccode\u003eProgram.cs\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.2.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUser access provisioning\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eClaims-based permissions managed via identity provider\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.2.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUser access rights management\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003ePermission claims reviewed and updated independently of code\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eInformation access restriction\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[Authorize(Policy = \u0026quot;...\u0026quot;)]\u003c/code\u003e attributes enforce policy\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.9.4.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eAccess control to program source code\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eResource-based authorization with \u003ccode\u003eIAuthorizationService\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.12.1.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eTesting of security controls\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eAutomated integration tests verify authorization logic\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.12.4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eEvent logging\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eComprehensive audit logs of authorization decisions\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA.17.1.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eContinuity capabilities\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eHealth checks monitor authentication service availability\u003c/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"what-this-means-for-your-team\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/#what-this-means-for-your-team\" title=\"What This Means for Your Team\"\u003eWhat This Means for Your Team\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you\u0026rsquo;re building ASP.NET Core applications that need to satisfy ISO 27001 compliance:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStop using role strings in business logic.\u003c/strong\u003e They scatter authorization decisions across your codebase, making audits painful and policy changes risky.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefine authorization policies that map to business operations.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003e\u0026quot;ViewDocuments\u0026quot;\u003c/code\u003e is clearer than checking whether \u003ccode\u003eUser.IsInRole(\u0026quot;DocumentReader\u0026quot;)\u003c/code\u003e — though you\u0026rsquo;ll need both policies and resource-based checks for complex scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse claims for permissions, not roles.\u003c/strong\u003e Roles represent groups. Permissions represent capabilities. ISO 27001 cares about capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImplement comprehensive audit logging.\u003c/strong\u003e Every authorization failure must be logged with sufficient context to reconstruct what happened and why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest your authorization policies.\u003c/strong\u003e Write integration tests that verify policies work correctly. Run them in CI/CD before deployment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonitor authentication service availability.\u003c/strong\u003e Health checks aren\u0026rsquo;t optional. They\u0026rsquo;re how you demonstrate operational monitoring.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthentication proves identity. Authorization enforces access rights. ISO/IEC 27001 Control A.9 requires both.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe gap between \u003ccode\u003e[Authorize]\u003c/code\u003e and actual access control is where I find compliance violations in every audit. Policy-based authorization closes that gap — when you map policies to business operations, not developer convenience.\u003c/p\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-05-26T10:22:03+02:00","date_published":"2026-01-27T17:00:00+01:00","id":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/","language":"en","summary":"Your [Authorize] attributes fool developers but not auditors. ISO 27001 A.9 demands actual authorization — not role strings scattered across your codebase.\n","tags":["iso-standards","security","authentication","dotnet","bestpractices"],"title":"Your [Authorize] Attribute Is Compliance Theater\n","url":"https://daily-devops.net/posts/access-control-aspnet-core/"}],"language":"en","title":"Authentication \u0026 Authorization in .NET on Daily DevOps \u0026 .NET","version":"https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1"}